Analysis of scientific production aligned with the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy of Portuguese-Speaking African Institutions: a systematic scoping review / Análise da produção científica alinhada com a Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional das Instituições Africanas de Língua Portuguesa: uma revisão sistemática de escopo

ABSTRACT This systematic scoping review aimed to map and characterize the scientific production of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions that align with the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. The literature search was conducted using six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus, and Web of Science), with no restrictions on the year of publication nor language. Through the search strategy, 10,061 records were identified, of which 502 documents and 654 researchers were selected by Food and Nutrition Security specialists along three axes: 1) Policy governance; 2) Access to food; 3) Availability of food. Institutional researchers from Mozambique (66.9%), Guinea-Bissau (15.9%), and Angola (11.4%) presented the most publications and international collaborations. Researchers from Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, and Equatorial Guinea institutions added only 5.8% of the total production. A greater number of publications (61%) was related to axis two of the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. The most studied themes were sustainable development, child malnutrition, and agricultural production for the first, second, and third axis, respectively. In general, scientific publications have shown limitations in their approaches due to the challenge imposed by the complexity of the food system. However, there has been a quantitative evolution in publications in the last decade, with a greater participation of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions.

RESUMO Esta revisão sistemática de escopo teve como objetivo mapear e caracterizar a produção científica de pesquisadores de instituições africanas de língua portuguesa que se alinham com a Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. A busca das literaturas foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus e Web of Science), sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e ao idioma. Por meio da estratégia de busca, foram identificados 10.061 registros, dos quais 502 documentos e 654 pesquisadores foram selecionados por especialistas em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em três eixos: 1) Governança de políticas; 2) Acesso à alimentação; 3) Disponibilidade de alimentos. Pesquisadores de intuições de Moçambique (66,9%), Guiné-Bissau (15,9%) e Angola (11,4%) foram os que apresentaram o maior número de publicações e colaborações internacionais. No entanto, os pesquisadores das instituições de Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Guiné Equatorial somaram apenas 5,8% da produção total. Foi observado maior número de publicações (61%) relacionadas com o eixo dois da Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. As temáticas mais estudadas foram desenvolvimento sustentável, desnutrição infantil e produção agrícola para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro eixo, respectivamente. De forma geral, as publicações científicas mostraram limitações em suas abordagens frente ao desafio imposto pela complexidade do sistema alimentar. Todavia, foi houve uma evolução quantitativa nas publicações na última década; além disso, maior participação de pesquisadores de instituições africanas de língua portuguesa pode ser vislumbrada.

A Bibliographic Analysis of Primary Studies on Physical Activity and COVID-19 during 2020-2021.

Physical distancing and restrictions have been implemented to reduce the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In contrast, the impact of the pandemic on levels of physical activity has been the subject of studies worldwide. Since the first reported case in December 2019, the number of scientific studies on COVID-19 has grown in a way that has never been seen before. The current study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic. The search was carried out using the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Our analysis identified a total of 2023 published documents from 10,199 authors, with an annual growth rate of 330% between 2020 and 2021. Open-access scientific journals were the main sources of publication, and the level of collaboration among the most influential researchers contributed to productivity. A co-occurrence analysis of the authors' keywords indicated a high prevalence of themes related to mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, and quality of life. In conclusion, the bibliometric analysis revealed a high volume of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic, and mental health was a much discussed topic.

[Food environment and excess weight in schoolchildren: a South American systematic reviewAmbiente alimentario y exceso de peso en la población escolar: revisión sistemática en América del Sur]. / Ambiente alimentar e excesso de peso em escolares: uma revisão sistemática sul-americana.

Objective: To identify and compile the findings of observational studies analyzing the relationship of factors from the school food environment and individual factors related to food consumption in school with excess weight in schoolchildren from South America in the period from 2011 to 2021. Method: The literature review involved a search performed in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, and LILACS) and in Google Scholar, as well as a consultation with specialists. Studies were selected if they had an observational design, included schoolchildren aged 5 to 19 years, were performed in South America, and used objective measures such as body mass index (World Health Organization and/or International Obesity Task Force) to assess weight in association with school food environment factors and individual school consumption factors. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Results: Of 906 identified records, 13 cross-sectional studies (one from Argentina, one from Ecuador, and 11 from Brazil) were included in the review. The prevalence of overweight ranged from 7.5% to 32.5%, and of obesity, from 1.7% to 28.0%. School environment factors from the policy and physical domains (such as unsatisfactory food and nutrition education and unavailability of school-prepared meals) were associated with increased prevalence of excess weight. Individual factors related to adherence to the school meal program (such as consumption of meals offered by the school instead of bringing a snack from home) were associated with lower prevalence of excess weight. Conclusions: Only a few studies are available in South America with a focus on individual and/or school food environment factors and excess weight in schoolchildren. Since the available evidence is restricted to local or regional contexts, new national-level studies are warranted.

Objetivo: Identificar y recopilar los resultados de estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur, en los cuales se analizó la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales de consumo de la población escolar con exceso de peso en el período del 2011 al 2021. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus y LILACS), en Google Scholar y mediante consulta a expertos. Se seleccionaron estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur con escolares de 5 a 19 años, en los cuales se emplearon medidas objetivas para evaluar el exceso de peso como el índice de masa corporal (Organización Mundial de la Salud y International Obesity Task Force) en relación con factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y factores individuales de consumo en la escuela. El protocolo se registró en la plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados: De los 906 registros identificados, en la revisión se incluyeron 13 estudios transversales (uno de Argentina, uno de Ecuador y 11 de Brasil). Las tasas de prevalencia del sobrepeso fluctuaron entre 7,5% y 32,5% y las de la obesidad, entre 1,7% y 28,0%. Los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar de los dominios político y físico (como educación poco satisfactoria en cuanto a alimentos y nutrición, y la falta de comidas preparadas en la escuela) guardaron relación con mayores tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Los factores individuales referentes a la adhesión al programa de alimentación escolar (como el consumo de la alimentación ofrecida por la escuela en vez de la merienda llevada de la casa) guardaron relación con menores tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Conclusiones: Son escasos los estudios realizados en América del Sur sobre la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales y el exceso de peso de la población escolar. El hecho de que la evidencia se limite a los contextos locales o regionales crea un incentivo para realizar nuevos estudios de alcance nacional.

Ambiente alimentar e excesso de peso em escolares: uma revisão sistemática sul-americana

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar e compilar os achados de estudos observacionais que analisaram a relação de fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola com excesso de peso em escolares da América do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus e LILACS) e no Google Scholar, além de consulta a especialistas. Foram selecionados estudos observacionais com escolares de 5 a 19 anos, realizados na América do Sul, que usaram medidas objetivas para avaliar excesso de peso, como o índice de massa corporal (Organização Mundial da Saúde e/ou International Obe- sity Task Force), em associação a fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola. O protocolo foi registrado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados. Dos 906 registros identificados, 13 estudos transversais (um da Argentina, um do Equador e 11 do Brasil) foram incluídos na revisão. As prevalências variaram de 7,5% a 32,5% para sobrepeso e 1,7% a 28,0% para obesidade. Fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar, dos domínios político e físico (como educação alimentar e nutricional insatisfatória e indisponibilidade de refeições preparadas na escola) se associaram com maiores prevalências de excesso de peso. Fatores individuais relacionados à adesão ao programa de alimentação escolar (como consumo da alimentação oferecida pela escola ao invés de lanche trazido de casa) se associaram a menores prevalências de excesso de peso. Conclusões. São escassos os estudos sul-americanos enfocando a associação entre fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e/ou individuais e excesso de peso em escolares. As evidências restritas a contextos locais ou regionais incentivam novos estudos de abrangência nacional.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify and compile the findings of observational studies analyzing the relationship of factors from the school food environment and individual factors related to food consumption in school with excess weight in schoolchildren from South America in the period from 2011 to 2021. Method. The literature review involved a search performed in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, and LILACS) and in Google Scholar, as well as a consultation with specialists. Studies were selected if they had an observational design, included schoolchildren aged 5 to 19 years, were performed in South America, and used objective measures such as body mass index (World Health Organization and/ or International Obesity Task Force) to assess weight in association with school food environment factors and individual school consumption factors. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Results. Of 906 identified records, 13 cross-sectional studies (one from Argentina, one from Ecuador, and 11 from Brazil) were included in the review. The prevalence of overweight ranged from 7.5% to 32.5%, and of obesity, from 1.7% to 28.0%. School environment factors from the policy and physical domains (such as unsatisfactory food and nutrition education and unavailability of school-prepared meals) were associated with increased prevalence of excess weight. Individual factors related to adherence to the school meal program (such as consumption of meals offered by the school instead of bringing a snack from home) were associated with lower prevalence of excess weight. Conclusions. Only a few studies are available in South America with a focus on individual and/or school food environment factors and excess weight in schoolchildren. Since the available evidence is restricted to local or regional contexts, new national-level studies are warranted.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Identificar y recopilar los resultados de estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur, en los cuales se analizó la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales de consumo de la población escolar con exceso de peso en el período del 2011 al 2021. Métodos. La investigación se realizó en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus y LILACS), en Google Scholar y mediante consulta a expertos. Se seleccionaron estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur con escolares de 5 a 19 años, en los cuales se emplearon medidas objetivas para evaluar el exceso de peso como el índice de masa corporal (Organización Mundial de la Salud y Inter- national Obesity Task Force) en relación con factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y factores individuales de consumo en la escuela. El protocolo se registró en la plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados. De los 906 registros identificados, en la revisión se incluyeron 13 estudios transversales (uno de Argentina, uno de Ecuador y 11 de Brasil). Las tasas de prevalencia del sobrepeso fluctuaron entre 7,5% y 32,5% y las de la obesidad, entre 1,7% y 28,0%. Los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar de los dominios político y físico (como educación poco satisfactoria en cuanto a alimentos y nutrición, y la falta de comidas preparadas en la escuela) guardaron relación con mayores tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Los factores individuales referentes a la adhesión al programa de alimentación escolar (como el consumo de la alimentación ofrecida por la escuela en vez de la merienda llevada de la casa) guardaron relación con meno- res tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Conclusiones. Son escasos los estudios realizados en América del Sur sobre la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales y el exceso de peso de la población escolar. El hecho de que la evidencia se limite a los contextos locales o regionales crea un incentivo para realizar nuevos estudios de alcance nacional.

Lack of validity of free-living physical activity energy expenditure estimated from ActiGraph equations in severely obese women: A doubly labelled water study.

The current study aimed to investigate the validity of three ActiGraph predictive equations that are available to estimate free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in women with severe obesity. The study included 20 women with class III obesity (age: 22-38 years). During 14 days of free-living conditions, total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly labelled water method; in addition, participants wore a triaxial accelerometer (model GT3X+) on the hip. The resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry. At group level, the Freedson VM3 Combination was found to be more precise (bias = -61 kcal/day) than the Williams Work-Energy (bias = -283 kcal/day) and the Freedson Combination equations (bias = -186 kcal/day) for estimating PAEE. However, the three predictive equations had a wider limit of agreement (Williams Work-Energy [258, -824 kcal/day], Freedson Combination equations [324, -697 kcal/day] and Freedson VM3 Combination [424, -546 kcal/day]), indicating great uncertainty of the estimate. In conclusion, a wide variation was observed in the performance of different ActiGraph equations in estimating free-living PAEE among women with class III obesity. Therefore, our data do not support the use of these equations, and more studies are needed to improve predictive performance in free-living conditions.

Yoga and mental health among Brazilian practitioners during COVID-19: An internet-based cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to describe yoga practice and verify its association with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian practitioners. A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in all regions of Brazil using a snowball sampling strategy among yoga practitioners. A total of 860 participants (87% female, aged: 19-82 years) completed the survey. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, yoga practice during the pandemic, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) scores were collected between July 9 and July 15, 2021. Overall, 9.5%, 9.3%, and 5.6% of participants exhibited some traits (mild to severe) of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Hatha yoga (48%) was the most commonly practiced yoga style. In the adjusted analysis, a higher yoga experience (> 5 years) was associated with better anxiety (odds ratio; bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 2.42; 1.32, 4.49) and stress status (1.80; 1.06, 3.00) than beginners (< 1 year). Practitioners who reported higher time and days of yoga practice during the study period were more likely to show normal levels of depression (odds ratio: 2.56-6.49; p â€‹< â€‹0.05), anxiety (odds ratio: 3.68-8.84; p â€‹< â€‹0.05), and stress (odds ratio: 2.15-5.21; p â€‹< â€‹0.05). Moreover, the maintenance of practice frequency during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of normal levels of depression (2.27; 1.39-3.79), anxiety (1.97; 1.25-3.10), and stress (1.97; 1.32-2.96). In conclusion, our findings indicated that a higher level of yoga practice was associated with better mental health levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lack of association between 11 gene polymorphisms on weight loss 1 year after Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery in woman.

BACKGROUND: Although effective, the impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss is variable, and little is known about the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present study investigated the association of eleven SNPs related to obesity with weight loss 1 year after Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in female patients. METHODS: This prospective study included 351 women with obesity. The genotypes for eleven SNPs (GHRL-rs26802; GHSR-rs572169; LEP-rs7799039; LEPR-rs1137101; 5HT2C-rs3813929; UCP2-rs659366; UCP3-rs1800849; SH2B1-rs7498665; TAS1R2-rs35874116; TAS1R2-rs9701796; FTO-rs9939609) were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan assays. Anthropometric measurements were performed before and 1 year after RYGB surgery. To evaluate the factors that influenced the proportion of weight loss 1 year after surgery, beta regression analysis was used. The models were estimated using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean ± SD percentage of total body weight loss in 1 year was 64.4 ± 5.8% and the median was 65.0%. When assessing the proportion of weight loss in 1 year after surgery, using univariate analysis (beta regression), no SNPs influenced weight loss. Furthermore, in the multiple analysis, with stepwise process of variable selection, no variable was significant to compose the multiple model. CONCLUSIONS: The 11 SNPs investigated did not influence weight loss 1 year after RYGB surgery in female patients. This result indicates that individual behaviours and other factors might better contribute to the magnitude of loss weight loss in a short period after bariatric surgery.

Changes in anxiety and depression levels after two exercises programs with women attending the Health Academy Program / Mudanças nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão após dois programas de exercícios com mulheres participantes do Programa Academia de Saúde

This study investigated changes in anxiety and depression symptoms after two exercise programs with adult women attending the Health Academy Program. Based on non-probabilistic sampling, a total of 93 adult women (aged range: 19­77 years) were recruited into two health units, selected to receive exercise programs with continuous (CT; n = 53) or intermittent (IT; n = 40) characteristics. The activ-ities were supervised for six months (twice a week; ~60 min) by a physical education professional. The primary outcome of the study was the assessment of the level of changes of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Physical function was assessed by a 1-mile walk test, handgrip strength, and sit-to-stand test. No significant group-by-time interaction was observed for any of the investigated outcomes. Regarding the comparisons between moments, there were sig-nificant improvements in anxiety (F = 16.52; p = <0.001; ηp2 = 0.15) and depression scores (F = 9.29; p = 0.003; ηp2 = 0.09). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in the one mile walk test (F = 70.36; p = <0.001; ηp2 = 0.44), sit-to-stand test (F = 141.53; p = <0.001; ηp2 = 0.61) and handgrip strength performance (F = 10.12; p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.10). In conclusion, both exercise programs were equally effective in promoting beneficial changes on anxiety, depression levels, and improved physical function in women attending the Health Academy Program. Therefore, the decision to choose which protocol to use should be based on community preference and practical considerations

Este estudo investigou mudanças nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão após dois programas de exercícios com mulheres adultas participantes do Programa Academia da Saúde. Com base em amostragem não probabi-lística, um total de 93 mulheres adultas (faixa etária: 19 a 77 anos) foram recrutadas em duas unidades de saúde, selecionadas para receber programas de exercícios físicos com características contínua (CT; n = 53) ou intermitente (IT; n = 40). As atividades foram supervisionadas durante seis meses (duas vezes por semana; ~60 min) por um profissional de educação física. O desfecho primário do estudo foi a avaliação do nível de alterações de ansiedade e depressão por meio da escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. A função física foi avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de 1 milha, força de preensão manual e teste de sentar e levantar. Nenhuma interação grupo-por-tempo significativa foi observada para qualquer um dos resultados investigados. Em relação às comparações entre os momentos, houve melhora significativa nos escores de ansiedade (F = 16,52; p = <0,001; ηp2 = 0,15) e depressão (F = 9,29; p = 0,003; ηp2 = 0,09). Além disso, houve melhorias significativas no teste de caminhada de 1 milha (F = 70,36; p = <0,001; ηp2 = 0,44), teste de sentar e levantar (F = 141,53; p = <0,001; ηp2 = 0,61) e desempenho de força de preensão manual (F = 10,12; p = 0,002; ηp2 = 0,10). Em conclusão, ambos os programas de exercícios foram igualmente eficazes na promoção de mudanças benéficas nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão e melhora da função física em mulheres participantes do Programa Academia de Saúde. Portanto, a decisão de escolher qual protocolo aplicar deve ser baseada na preferência da comunidade e em considerações práticas

Effect of Different Recoveries During HIIT Sessions on Metabolic and Cardiorespiratory Responses and Sprint Performance in Healthy Men.

ABSTRACT: Germano, MD, Sindorf, MAG, Crisp, AH, Braz, TV, Brigatto, FA, Nunes, AG, Verlengia, R, Moreno, MA, Aoki, MS, and Lopes, CR. Effect of different recoveries during HIIT sessions on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses and sprint performance in healthy men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 121-129, 2022-The purpose of this study was to investigate how the type (passive and active) and duration (short and long) recovery between maximum sprints affect blood lactate concentration, O2 consumed, the time spent at high percentages of V̇o2max, and performance. Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 experimental sessions of high-intensity interval training exercise. Each session was performed with a type and duration of the recovery (short passive recovery-2 minutes, long passive recovery [LPR-8 minutes], short active recovery-2 minutes, and long active recovery [LAR-8 minutes]). There were no significant differences in blood lactate concentration between any of the recoveries during the exercise period (p > 0.05). The LAR presented a significantly lower blood lactate value during the postexercise period compared with LPR (p < 0.01). The LPR showed a higher O2 volume consumed in detriment to the active protocols (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in time spent at all percentages of V̇o2max between any of the recovery protocols (p > 0.05). The passive recoveries showed a significantly higher effort time compared with the active recoveries (p < 0.001). Different recovery does not affect blood lactate concentration during exercise. All the recoveries permitted reaching and time spent at high percentages of V̇o2max. Therefore, all the recoveries may be efficient to generate disturbances in the cardiorespiratory system.

Genetic polymorphisms are not associated with energy intake 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of food intake on body weight loss (WL) and the association of gene polymorphisms, 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS: In total, 95 obese women (age ranged 20-50 years) in a Brazilian cohort underwent RYGB surgery and completed the study. Anthropometric measurements and food intake were assessed before and 1 year after surgery. Twelve gene polymorphisms (GHRL rs26802; GHSR rs572169; LEP rs7799039; LEPR rs1137101; 5-HT2C rs3813929; UCP2 rs659366; UCP2 rs660339; UCP3 rs1800849; SH2B1 rs7498665; TAS1R2 rs35874116; TAS1R2 rs9701796; and FTO rs9939609) were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and a TaqMan assay. The subjects were divided into quartiles regarding percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL). The effect of genetic variants on energy and macronutrient intake was evaluated by simple logistic regression, followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Subjects in the first and second quartiles showed a higher initial body mass index. Energy and macronutrient intake before and 1 year after RYGB surgery did not differ between the %EWL quartiles. None of gene polymorphisms investigated showed an association with the estimated energy intake 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the estimate energy and food intake did not predict a greater body WL 1 year after RYGB surgery. In addition, the 12 gene polymorphism investigated did not affect the energy intake among female patients.

Ambiente alimentar e excesso de peso em escolares: uma revisão sistemática sul-americana / Food environment and excess weight in schoolchildren: a South American systematic review / Ambiente alimentario y exceso de peso en la población escolar: revisión sistemática en América del Sur

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar e compilar os achados de estudos observacionais que analisaram a relação de fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola com excesso de peso em escolares da América do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus e LILACS) e no Google Scholar, além de consulta a especialistas. Foram selecionados estudos observacionais com escolares de 5 a 19 anos, realizados na América do Sul, que usaram medidas objetivas para avaliar excesso de peso, como o índice de massa corporal (Organização Mundial da Saúde e/ou International Obesity Task Force), em associação a fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola. O protocolo foi registrado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados. Dos 906 registros identificados, 13 estudos transversais (um da Argentina, um do Equador e 11 do Brasil) foram incluídos na revisão. As prevalências variaram de 7,5% a 32,5% para sobrepeso e 1,7% a 28,0% para obesidade. Fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar, dos domínios político e físico (como educação alimentar e nutricional insatisfatória e indisponibilidade de refeições preparadas na escola) se associaram com maiores prevalências de excesso de peso. Fatores individuais relacionados à adesão ao programa de alimentação escolar (como consumo da alimentação oferecida pela escola ao invés de lanche trazido de casa) se associaram a menores prevalências de excesso de peso. Conclusões. São escassos os estudos sul-americanos enfocando a associação entre fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e/ou individuais e excesso de peso em escolares. As evidências restritas a contextos locais ou regionais incentivam novos estudos de abrangência nacional.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify and compile the findings of observational studies analyzing the relationship of factors from the school food environment and individual factors related to food consumption in school with excess weight in schoolchildren from South America in the period from 2011 to 2021. Method. The literature review involved a search performed in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, and LILACS) and in Google Scholar, as well as a consultation with specialists. Studies were selected if they had an observational design, included schoolchildren aged 5 to 19 years, were performed in South America, and used objective measures such as body mass index (World Health Organization and/or International Obesity Task Force) to assess weight in association with school food environment factors and individual school consumption factors. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Results. Of 906 identified records, 13 cross-sectional studies (one from Argentina, one from Ecuador, and 11 from Brazil) were included in the review. The prevalence of overweight ranged from 7.5% to 32.5%, and of obesity, from 1.7% to 28.0%. School environment factors from the policy and physical domains (such as unsatisfactory food and nutrition education and unavailability of school-prepared meals) were associated with increased prevalence of excess weight. Individual factors related to adherence to the school meal program (such as consumption of meals offered by the school instead of bringing a snack from home) were associated with lower prevalence of excess weight. Conclusions. Only a few studies are available in South America with a focus on individual and/or school food environment factors and excess weight in schoolchildren. Since the available evidence is restricted to local or regional contexts, new national-level studies are warranted.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar y recopilar los resultados de estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur, en los cuales se analizó la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales de consumo de la población escolar con exceso de peso en el período del 2011 al 2021. Métodos. La investigación se realizó en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus y LILACS), en Google Scholar y mediante consulta a expertos. Se seleccionaron estudios observacionales realizados en América del Sur con escolares de 5 a 19 años, en los cuales se emplearon medidas objetivas para evaluar el exceso de peso como el índice de masa corporal (Organización Mundial de la Salud y International Obesity Task Force) en relación con factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y factores individuales de consumo en la escuela. El protocolo se registró en la plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados. De los 906 registros identificados, en la revisión se incluyeron 13 estudios transversales (uno de Argentina, uno de Ecuador y 11 de Brasil). Las tasas de prevalencia del sobrepeso fluctuaron entre 7,5% y 32,5% y las de la obesidad, entre 1,7% y 28,0%. Los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar de los dominios político y físico (como educación poco satisfactoria en cuanto a alimentos y nutrición, y la falta de comidas preparadas en la escuela) guardaron relación con mayores tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Los factores individuales referentes a la adhesión al programa de alimentación escolar (como el consumo de la alimentación ofrecida por la escuela en vez de la merienda llevada de la casa) guardaron relación con menores tasas de prevalencia del exceso de peso. Conclusiones. Son escasos los estudios realizados en América del Sur sobre la relación entre los factores del ambiente alimentario escolar y los factores individuales y el exceso de peso de la población escolar. El hecho de que la evidencia se limite a los contextos locales o regionales crea un incentivo para realizar nuevos estudios de alcance nacional.

Weight regain in association with macronutrient diet composition and quality of life in women at least 5 years after bariatric surgery

ABSTRACT Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the best alternative for the control of severe obesity, with improvements in patient quality of life. However, regaining weight due to inadequate nutrition can compromise surgery results. Objective: to investigate the relationship between weight gain and food consumption and quality of life among women at least 5 years after gastric bypass procedure. Methods: Seventy-three women who had bariatric surgery >= 5 years prior were evaluated for food consumption on 3 non-consecutive days and quality of life according to the dimensions of the BAROS tool. Results: Twenty two (29.7%) regained at least 10% of their weight. The group of women with stable weight loss had significantly lower carbohydrate consumption and showed no difference in energy consumption. Self-esteem and willingness to work also had a better score in this group, which contributed to a better quality of life score. Conclusion: From a weight regain below 10% after 5 years of bariatric surgery, the perception of quality of life among women changes. There are reasons for further studies on the effects of the proportion of macronutrients on dietary energy after bariatric surgery, including variations in the surgical technique and metabolic and anatomical variables.

RESUMEN La cirugía bariátrica ha mostrado ser una de las mejores alternativas para el control de la obesidad, aportando a la mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente. Sin embargo, recuperar peso debido a una nutrición inadecuada puede comprometer los resultados de la cirugía. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre el aumento de peso y el consumo de alimentos y la calidad de vida en mujeres al menos 5 años después del procedimiento de bypass gástrico. Métodos: 73 mujeres con al menos 5 años de cirugía bariátrica fueron evaluadas para el consumo de alimentos durante 3 días no consecutivos y la calidad de vida, según las dimensiones de la herramienta BAROS. Resultados: 22 mujeres (29,7%) recuperaron al menos el 10% de su peso. El grupo de mujeres con pérdida de peso estable tuvo un consumo de carbohidratos significativamente menor y no mostró diferencias en el consumo de energía. La autoestima y la voluntad de trabajar también tuvieron un mejor puntaje en este grupo, lo que contribuyó a un mejor puntaje de calidad de vida. Conclusión: a partir de una recuperación de peso por debajo del 10% después de 5 años de cirugía bariátrica, la percepción de la calidad de vida entre las mujeres cambia y existen razones para más estudios sobre los efectos de la proporción de macronutrientes sobre la energía alimentaria después de la cirugía bariátrica, con potencial influencia de variaciones en la técnica quirúrgica.

No additional effects of ursolic acid supplementation associated with combined exercise program on metabolic syndrome of postmenopausal women: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ursolic acid (UA) supplementation may have therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of UA supplementation associated with a combined exercise program on MetS components in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-six women (61 ± 7 years) were randomized into two groups: UA (n = 13) and placebo (PLA, n = 13). Both groups followed a combined exercise program for 8 weeks (twice a week; ~60 min at moderate intensity) associated with either UA (450 mg/day) or placebo supplementation. Before and post-intervention, waist circumference (primary outcome), resting blood pressure, fasting blood analyses, body composition and physical function (secondary outcomes) were evaluated. RESULTS: Greater changes in the absolute (mean difference: 1.8 kgf, 95% CI 0.3, 3.2) and relative (0.03 kgf/kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05) handgrip strength was observed for the UA group compared with PLA. However, no significant effects between groups were observed for waist circumference and other secondary outcomes. Furthermore, remission of MetS (according to the NCEP ATP III criteria) occurred in 38.5% of the participants in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The UA supplementation did not promote additional MetS profile improvement after 8 weeks of free-living intervention. However, our data indicated that UA resulted in a higher response on handgrip strength than did placebo in postmenopausal women, but further long-term studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br): number RBR-276rrt.

Compliance of the Physical Activity Guidelines Accumulated in Bouts ≥10 Min and Nonbouts and Its Association With Body Composition and Physical Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazilian Older Adults.

This study aimed to investigate the association between compliance with the guidelines of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min or nonbouts with body composition and physical function in older adults. The authors evaluated 230 noninstitutionalized older adults. Body composition was estimated using bioimpedance, and physical function was assessed using four physical tests. Physical activities were monitored for 7 days using an accelerometer. Older adults who were physically active according to MVPA in bouts of ≥10 min were less likely to have low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (odds ratio [OR] = 0.12), excess body fat (OR = 0.30), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.34) and more likely to have a higher physical function (OR = 5.78). No significant association was observed with MVPA nonbout. Our findings indicate that older adults who accumulate MVPA in bouts of  ≥10 min have better parameters for body composition and physical function.

Relação entre a obesidade e hipertensão arterial com a força de preensão palmar relativa em mulheres adultas usuárias do sus: um estudo transversal / Relationship between obesity and arterial hypertension with relative handgrip strength in adult women users of sus: a cross-sectional study

A avaliação da força de preensão palmar é considerada um indicador simples, de baixo custo e que pode ser utilizada como um marcador de saúde geral de pessoas atendidas pela atenção básica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre os índices de obesidade e hipertensão arterial sistêmica com a força de preensão palmar relativa em mulheres adultas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 258 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 59 anos, usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram avaliadas a pressão arterial de repouso, força de preensão palmar, medidas antropométricas e obtidas informações sociodemográficas. A força de preensão palmar relativa pelo peso corporal (kgf/kg) foi categorizada como baixa (tercil inferior) e normal (tercil intermediário e superior). Análise de regressão logística múltipla usando a classificação de baixa força muscular como variável dependente, foi utilizada para verificar a relação com as variáveis de obesidade e hipertensão arterial. A prevalência de obesidade (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2 ), obesidade abdominal (circunferência de cintura ≥ 88 cm), níveis pressóricos alto em repouso (≥ 130/80 mmHg) e uso de medicamento anti-hipertensivo foi de 58,9%, 58,5%, 42,2% e 32,6%, respectivamente. Foi observado associação positiva entre obesidade (OR: 9,36 [IC 95%: 3,07 - 28,51]) e obesidade abdominal (OR: 21,75 [IC 95%: 4,90 - 96,43]) com baixa força muscular relativa, após ajustes de idade e fatores sociodemográficos. Mulheres que apresentavam níveis pressóricos alto em repouso tiveram 2,02 (IC 95% 1,03; 3,96) vezes mais chances de ter baixa força muscular relativa, independentemente da idade, fatores sociodemográficos e obesidade. Em adição, mulheres que utilizavam anti-hipertensivos apresentaram 2,77 (IC 95%: 1,42; 5,41) vezes mais chances de ter baixa força muscular relativa. Em conclusão, mulheres adultas que possuem maiores índices de obesidade, pressão arterial em repouso e que usam anti-hipertensivo tendem apresentar baixa força de preensão palmar relativa.(AU)

The assessment of handgrip strength is considered a simple, low-cost indicator that can be used as a general health marker for people assisted by primary care. The current study aims to analyze the association between obesity index and systemic arterial hypertension with the relative handgrip strength in adult women. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 258 women aged between 18 and 59 years, users of the Unified Health System (SUS). Resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, anthropometric measurements, and sociodemographic information were assessed. The relative handgrip strength by body weight (kgf/kg) was categorized as low (lower tertile) and standard (intermediate and upper tertile). Multiple logistic regression analysis using the classification of low muscle strength as a dependent variable was used to verify the relationship between obesity and hypertension. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm), high blood pressure levels at rest (≥ 130/80 mmHg), and use of antihypertensive medication was 58.9%, 58.5%, 42.2%, and 32.6%, respectively. A positive association was observed between obesity (OR: 9.36 [95% CI: 3.07 - 28.51]) and abdominal obesity (OR: 21.75 [95% CI: 4.90 - 96.43]) with low relative muscle strength, after age adjustments and sociodemographic factors. Women who had high blood pressure levels at rest were 2.02 (95% CI 1.03; 3.96) times more likely to have low relative muscle strength, regardless of age, sociodemographic factors, and obesity. Besides, women who used antihypertensive drugs were 2.77 (95% CI: 1.42; 5.41) times more likely to have low relative muscle strength. In conclusion, adult women who have higher obesity rates, resting blood pressure, and who use antihypertensive drugs tend to have low relative handgrip strength.(AU)

Níveis de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em praticantes de Yoga / Levels of stress, anxiety, depression and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Yoga practitioners

A pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) e a crise de saúde pública tem gerado estresse em toda a população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar a prática de Yoga e a sua relação com os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi baseado em um questionário on-line anônimo aplicado entre 19 e 26 de maio de 2020, com questões sociodemográficas, sobre a prática de Yoga durante a pandemia e a Escala de Ansiedade Depressão e Estresse (DASS-21). Duzentos e treze participantes completaram o questionário. No geral, foram observados 12,2%, 12,2% e 8,0% de sintomas severos para estresse, ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão logística (expressos em odds ratio; intervalo de confiança de 95%), participantes mais velhos tiveram menores chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse (OR = 0,30; IC95%: 0,13 ­ 0,70) e depressão (OR = 0,34; IC95%: 0,12 - 0,92), enquanto o tabagismo aumentou as chances (OR = 7,71; IC95%: 2,36 - 25,21) de sintomas severos de ansiedade. Uma maior experiência na prática de Yoga reduz significativamente as chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse (OR = 0,34; IC95% 0,14 - 0,83) e ansiedade (OR = 0,37; IC95% = 0,15 - 0,91). Ademais, houve menores chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse em praticantes que realizam um maior número de sessão semanal durante a pandemia (OR = 0,09; IC95% = 0,01 - 0,88), e de sintomas depressivos para aqueles que conseguiram manter a frequência da prática em relação ao período antes da pandemia (OR = 0,23; IC95%: 0,06 - 0,84). Nossos dados observacionais sugerem que praticantes mais experientes e que realizam mais sessões semanal reportam menor impacto psicológico durante a pandemia por COVID-19

The pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) and the public health crisis has generated stress in the entire population. The present study aimed to examine the practice of Yoga and its relationship with the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on an anonymous online questionnaire applied between 19 and 26 May 2020, with sociodemographic questions, on the prac-tice of Yoga during the pandemic and the Depression and Stress Anxiety Scale (DASS-21). Two hundred and thirteen participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 12.2%, 12.2%, and 8.0% of severe symptoms for stress, anxiety, and depression were observed, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis (considering odds ratio; 95% confidence interval), older participants were less likely to have severe symptoms of stress (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.13 ­ 0.70) and depression (OR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.12 - 0.92), while smoking increased the chances (OR = 7.7; 95%CI: 2.36 - 25.21) of severe anxiety symptoms. Greater experience in Yoga practice significantly reduces the chances of experiencing severe symptoms of stress (OR = 0.34; 95%IC 0.14 - 0.83) and anxiety (OR = 0.37; 95%IC: 0.15 - 0.91). Also, there is a reduction in the chances of experiencing severe symptoms of stress in practitioners who perform a greater number of weekly sessions during the pandemic (OR = 0.09; 95%IC: 0.01 - 0.88) and a reduction in depressive symptoms for those who managed to maintain the frequency of the practice in relation to the period before the pandemic (OR = 0.23; 95%IC: 0.06 - 0.84). Our observational data suggest that more experienced practitioners who have more weekly sessions report less psychological impact during the COVID-19 pandemic

Associations between sociodemographic factors and physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults with chronic diseases during COVID-19 pandemic.

The pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) may be affecting the physical activity (PA) level in much of the population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (SB) among adults with chronic diseases and their associations with sociodemographic factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 249 participants (age: 18-91 years; 61.4% female) with chronic conditions and attended the Family Health Strategy program in a small town in Brazil. Data were collected between 2020-07-13 and 2020-07-24 by face-to-face interviews. Self-reported PA, sitting time, chronic diseases, medication use, sociodemographic data, and self-isolation adherence were obtained by questionnaire. During this specific time point of the COVID-19 pandemic, 71.5% of participants did not meet the PA recommendations (≥500 METs-min/week), and the prevalence of SB risk (≥4 h sitting) was 62.7%. Adjusted logistic regression indicated that male participants (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89 [95% CI 1.02-3.53]), living alone (OR: 2.92 [95% CI 1.03-8.30]) or in a two-person household (OR: 2.32 [95% CI 1.16-4.63]), and those who reported sometimes performing self-isolation (OR: 3.07 [95% CI 1.47-6.40]) were more likely to meet the minimum PA recommendations. Current smokers had a lower odds (OR: 0.36 [95% CI 0.14-0.95]) of meeting the PA recommendations. Older participants (OR: 2.18 [95% CI 1.06-4.50]) and those who had multimorbidity (OR: 1.92 [95% CI 1.07-3.44]) were more likely to have a higher degree of SB. There is an urgent need to mitigate physical inactivity and SB, and public health interventions must take into account sociodemographic status.

Influence of Energy Balance on the Rate of Weight Loss Throughout One Year of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Doubly Labeled Water Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of changes in energy balance and body composition on the rate of weight loss throughout 1 year of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: Variables were collected pre-, 6, and 12 months (M) post-surgery from 18 women (BMI ≥ 40 and ≤ 50 kg m-2, 20 to 45 years). Total energy expenditure (TEEm), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were measured by doubly labeled water. Self-reported energy intake (EIsr) was obtained from three non-consecutive food diaries. Metabolic adaptation was assessed via deviations from TEE predictive equation, and the calculated energy intake (EIc) via the sum of TEE and change in body stores. RESULTS: BMI significantly decreased (mean ± SD) from 45 ± 2 kg m-2 to 32 ± 3 kg m-2 at 6 M, and to 30 ± 3 kg m-2 at 12 M after surgery. The TEEm reduced significantly at both time points when compared with pre-surgery (6 M: - 612 ± 317 kcal day-1; 12 M: - 447 ± 516 kcal day-1). At 6 M, a metabolic adaptation was observed and the energy balance was - 1151 ± 195 kcal day-1, while at 12 M it was - 332 ± 158 kcal day-1. Changes in the values of TEEm were associated with changes in body weight at 12 M post-surgery. A significant underreporting was observed for EIsr (1057 ± 385 kcal day-1) vs. EIc (2083 ± 309 kcal day-1) at 12 M post-operative. CONCLUSION: The higher rate of weight loss at 6 M post-surgery was a response to energy imbalance, which was caused by high restriction in energy intake even with the presence of metabolic adaptation at this time. The EIsr was not sufficiently accurate to assess the energy consumption of this population. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS (OBSERVATIONAL STUDY): Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-8k5jsj. Universal Trial Number: U1111-1206-0858.

Acute Effects of the New Method Sarcoplasma Stimulating Training Versus Traditional Resistance Training on Total Training Volume, Lactate and Muscle Thickness.

Background: Trained subjects have difficulty in achieving continued results following years of training, and the manipulation of training variables through advanced resistance training (RT) methods is widely recommended to break through plateaus. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional RT (TRT) versus two types of sarcoplasma stimulating training (SST) methods on total training volume (TTV), lactate, and muscle thickness (MT). Methods: Twelve trained males (20.75 ± 2.3 years; 1.76 ± 0.14 meters; body mass = 79.41 ± 4.6 kg; RT experience = 4.1 ± 1.8 years) completed three RT protocols in a randomly sequenced order: TRT, SST contraction type (SST-CT), or SST rest interval variable (SST-RIV) with 7 days between trials in arm curl (elbow flexors) and triceps pulley extension (elbow extensors) performed on the same day. Results: The SST groups displayed greater acute biceps and triceps brachii (TB) MT versus the TRT session, with no difference in lactate levels between them. The SST-CT resulted in greater biceps and TB MT versus the SST-RIV session. The TTV was greater for the TRT session versus the SST sessions, except in the case of the elbow flexors (no difference was observed between TRT and SST-CT), and higher for the SST-CT versus the SST-RIV. Conclusion: Trained subjects may benefit from using the SST method as this method may offer a superior MT stimulus and reduced training time, even with a lower TTV.

Correction to: Agreement Between Body Composition Assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Doubly Labeled Water in Obese Women Submitted to Bariatric Surgery : Body Composition, BIA, and DLW.

The name of author Michele Novaes Ravelli was misspelled in the original article - it is correct here.